Great Wilderness Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Incredible Wilderness Debate - Essay Example Others accept it as a social accept that a wild is a zone that has been undermined by development and advancement and paying little mind to what should be possible the land can't show any positive development (Callicott and Nelson 6). The current biodiversity put aside a choice to save the land from annihilation and the division of individuals from nature in a roundabout way propose the creation that fills in for instance of wild thought. This subject of wild has pulled in a large portion of the ecological rationalists and the network everywhere that honestly accepted that the wild is a characteristic sacred calm spot. To recognize ferocity and wild, we can make an image of something that may happen or can be conceivable later on by possessing nature emblematically. Cronon attempts to give and separate wild from ferocity by characterizing it as the main safeguarding on the planet (Cronon 7). His thought requires an attentive report since it is more worry with the production of human societies and progress on the planet we are living in. Human advancement then again should be possible in a way that will forestall defilement of the lovely condition as opposed to basing the plan to societies and verifiable suppositions. We can figure out how to acknowledge and protect the little and capricious parcels that encompass us and have the option to moderate and keep up the excellence of the ferocity (Callicott and Nelson 541). Taking a case of a tree in a nursery and the other one of every an antiquated spot, we plainly observe the significance of esteeming the two trees on the grounds that by doing so we esteem them as well as even respect the significance of saving our condition. It is acceptable to respect any wild paying little mind to its physical position in light of the fact that a tree isn't less wild when it is in the nursery than it is in the antiquated spot. We should mull over the way that the tree in the wild and that in the nursery require similar elements for them to develop and replicate and furthermore regard the nature. We are to characterize a creature as wild or agreeable as per its unique circumstance and not by its constitution or position in order to specify the qualification among characteristic and counterfeit events (Aitken 5). The conviction that wild is a virgin unadulterated occupied land must be saved and recovery of the terrains be done in the correct way of rationing the whole land not really the wild. Wild existed before human refinement extended and will keep on existing long after the way of life have stopped to exist and the network ought to receive and acknowledge to live with these changes. The human-condition communication has restrained the land in an opposite way that has impacted and changed the presence of the wild by individuals attempting to secure their needs without surrendering guardianship of the land that could be harmed commonly. The simple nearness of things done by individuals doesn't deny the of ficial condition of wild since a wild exists in situations that normally work with exceptionally negligible human impedance. We ought to give a sheltered and thinking about the advantages of every natural framework and the universe in general to make a dynamic and supportive human-wild cooperation. Preservation tips

Philosophy & Husserl on intersubjectivity Essay

As indicated by Husserl, entomb abstract experience assumes an imperative job in the constitution of oneself as subjects that exist impartially, other encountering object and the target world administered by existence. That’s why supernatural phenomenology attempts to remake the essential levelheaded structures that empower constitutive accomplishments. From a first individual point of view, intersubjectivity happens when individuals experience demonstrations of compassion on the grounds that an intersubjective encounter is exceptionally sympathetic. This is on the grounds that it happens over the span of person’s awareness and cognizant attribution of acts that are purposeful and coordinated towards different subjects. This is happens when individuals put themselves in the shoes of others and contemplating this experience suing a phenomenological disposition calls for organizing of convictions in the presence of the very focuses of a people demonstrations attribution through the encountering subject and pose inquiries whether interior convictions legitimize our fundamental intersubjective experience (Carrs, 1999) . Along these lines it takes sensational examination to uncover these convictions which are generally oblivious when the world is knowledgeable about the regular disposition. One of the central convictions the Husserl revealed is the desire that any being that looks like and has comparative characteristics as myself consistently shows attributes that are additionally acquainted with mine which implies that observation will be from an egocentric viewpoint. This implies an individual would take a gander at another and the things the other one does from their own viewpoint permitting them to go into different people shoes and this convictions lets one to credit purposeful acts to others immediately without drawing an outer derivation or making a similarity to ones case. This implies the confidence being referred to must be couple with the individual conviction framework since it shapes some portion of the pre-given purposeful foundation which is additionally alluded to as the existence word. It is this life world that frames a premise where all demonstrations attributions and every single constuitive accomplishment will in general bode well at first before they get a definitive defense. Husserl’s impression of the existence world might be very troublesome however it is additionally significant. This discernment can be drawn nearer in two distinct manners which are truly good. It very well may be thought as far as conviction and as far as things can imagine faculties which are socially or socially settled. Limiting ourselves to only one experience as a subject can make the lifeworld resemble a sound structure that underlies a characteristic demeanor which implies that if the subject’s lifeworld has convictions against which they base their consistently mentality towards themselves, it is the target world that gets the most extreme support. Notwithstanding, on a fundamental level, the convictions that structure a subject’s lifeworld are not insusceptible to update which implies that Husserl isn't an epistemological phenomenologist. Imagine a scenario where individuals consider a solitary network of subjects inside their regular lifeworld or even the homeworld. This can be viewed by first approximating the frameworks of faculties and implications which make up their basic type of life as long as they imagine the world and themselves utilizing parameters gave by this type of life. Considering subjects that have a place with various networks, their lifeworld can be viewed as a general structure of faculties and implications that give space for aggregate interpretations of their particular home universes. One of the instinctive accomplishments dependent on this clarification of the lifeworld and the act of act attribution is an individual mental self view which turns into a completely fledged individual who exists as a component that has physical and mental spatio worldly request. This mental self portrait is typically alluded to as iterated compassion where one places themselves into the shoes of another subject in a cognizant way that reenacts them particularly when the other individual places themselves into your point of view consequently (Lauer, 1996). Along these lines, one can make setups wherereby for the other subject to figure out how to attribute deliberate follows up on you, he needs to substantially relate to you as a full individual with fragile living creature and blood and with the egocentric point of view having contrasts with their own This makes an end that ones egocentric point of view is only one of the numerous viewpoints that are utilized in the hypothesis of intersubjectivity and from the various odd viewpoints, one shows up as a physical subject amidst others in that world directed by existence. This implies the model of subject versus personality applies to oneself as well as other people too implying that there is one living human body with one encountering subject. Be that as it may, Husserl wouldn't like to deny that individuals credit to encounters particularly the purposeful experience like the creatures. This is the place the most concerning issue and trouble lies on the grounds that there is a major substantial conduct and real contrast between individuals and creatures. As indicated by Husserl compassion additionally gives a foundation whereupon functional, aesthetical and moral assessments investigation of intercultural comprehension can be given an evaluate which implies that the remote world can be comprised against a foundation of ones world or home world. Husserl’s attests that even the target world that is administered by reality, and which is a noteworthy piece of people’s day by day lifeworld is additionally established intersubjectively the equivalent is valid for the spatio-fleeting set up that is comprised of target existence. This acquires an issue of how a deliberation of the spatio fleeting article which is unique in relation to a similar thought since it doesn't cause a presupposition of some other subject to can figure out how to watch another item from its won point of view. Husserl addresses this inquiry by contending that for somebody to place oneself into the shoes of another subject and oversee trio mimic their point of view upon the nearby world directed by existence, one doesn't need to accept that that world is like their own however the conditions under which the subjects represents the world ought to be distinctive on the grounds that they depend on a self image driven perspective. This implies all the spatio transient items that structure ones universes exist independently from ones abstract viewpoint and the particular encounters that one performs which must be an integral part of a goal reality. It likewise implies that perceptual subjects are otherworldly in light of the fact that in a specific second, they depict an extremely enormous number of highlights that are couldn't be seen or expected before and some show themselves after further perception. In any case, this doesn't imply that the target world found in the intersubjective experience is totally discrete from the viewpoints under which the world is spoken to. As indicated by Husserl another condition that makes intersubjective experience conceivable is the suspicion that different subjects shape the world into objects similarly as oneself does. This implies Husserl sticks to both Realist and dreamer adaptations. Levinas scrutinize For Husserl, the major philosophical inquiry is the comprehension of the connection between unforeseen specific experience on one side and target information that is logical on the opposite side implying that one person’s deliberate awareness and the different person’s purposeful cognizance are normally coordinated towards a similar article (Cains, 1999). This implies the individual that rises fro Husserl examination is only a modify sense of self implying that the conscience is me while the change personality is the other. This is a hypothesis that was dismissed by Emanuel Levinas in light of the fact that the topic of purposefulness is essentially moral as opposed to being epistemological and he asserts that deliberateness is only a type of portrayal. Levinas investigated Husserl’s affirmation on the grounds that as per him, the last has opposed the Cartesian record of cognizance as a holder of thoughts. He asserts that the purposeful item isn't the current article as a result of the organizing of the presence of the deliberate item. He guarantees that if experience is represented as far as portrayal that is grasped from this viewpoint, at that point the object of experience relies upon cognizance and its starting here of view that it tends to be significant. Deliberateness is in this manner saw fundamentally from an optical perspective where sight and light are included. Anyway as per Levinas, it isn't what is seen that that talks. For instance, one can see a face however observing it doesn't make if not the same as some other article. The essence of someone else is anyway consistently seen corresponding to my own and that is the place Levinas make a differentiation between the autre and the autrui and the two words are acquired from French. The two words mean other however in various setting. This decreases the universe of phenomenological cognizance which ought to be extended however analogies anticipated by the other notwithstanding, different breaks in on such a world making disturbances. Levinas thusly can't help contradicting Husserl by guaranteeing that the other isn't put on a level pivot as Husserl had asserted, it is really positioned on a vertical hub as indicated by Levinas. The other in this way tends to me and that address may not be verbal yet that face will address me about things which may not be there in the face that is on itself clear as an object of ones deliberate awareness List of references Cains, D, 1999, Formal and Transcendental Logic, The Hague: Nijhoff Carr, D ,1999, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press Carl, D, 1980, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy †Third Book: Phenomenology and the Foundations. Evanston:

10 Types of Workplace Illnesses How to Cure Them

10 Types of Workplace Illnesses How to Cure Them 10 common workplace illnesses tips on how to prevent and cure them With the majority of our hours spent at work, the static nature of office-based jobs can lead to a number of common workplace illnesses. When we aren’t feeling our best, our work feels the impact. Staying healthy, both physically and mentally, is therefore crucial to being productive and reaching our potential. 10 common workplace illnesses tips on how to prevent and cure them It’s likely that everyone has faced, or will face, one of these ailments before they retire. Learn about 10 common types of workplace illness and what you can do to prevent and cure them so you don’t fall behind. 1. Notification anxiety With different applications open that are needed to complete our jobs, it’s easy to become overwhelmed by the amount of notifications received. Managing notifications can alleviate some stress and help you concentrate.   Definition Notification anxiety is the nervousness experienced when one is overwhelmed by alerts received. These alerts can be from emails, instant messages, text messages, or different applications. It can lead to the inability to focus, hesitation to respond, and higher stress levels. Solutions Limit how often you check emails by blocking off time throughout your day. Eliminate the obsession for inbox-zero. Mute internal communication applications during times where you need to focus on important tasks. These tools simplify collaboration but can distract from your work.   Don’t be available for everything. Limit your availability to others by not responding to notifications or emails immediately, and by disconnecting from work on evenings and weekends.   Click the unsubscribe button. Unsubscribe from irrelevant content, whether that’s leaving channels or unsubscribing from emails. MeisterTip: Read our team guide to productive Slack use. 2. Sensory overload The amount of stimuli around us in the office, from conversations to instant messages, can lead to a feeling of sensory overload.   Definition Sensory overload in the workplace is the feeling of anxiety caused by overstimulation. Individuals feel overwhelming anxiety and incapable of tolerating external stimuli. Solutions Take regular breaks. Take multiple breaks throughout your day. Leave your phone at your desk and step away to reset how you’re feeling.   Find ways to escape. If the areas surrounding your desk are abuzz, find a quieter area to work. If not possible, consider investing in a pair of soundproof headphones. Implement mindfulness practices. To train yourself to be more calm and open to stimuli, implement mindfulness practices such as meditation.   3. Decision fatigue decision avoidance It’s estimated that we make 35,000 decisions every day. By the end of the day, feeling emotionally drained can be partially attributed to the mental energy it takes to make decisions. The more decisions we make, the harder it can be to decide later â€" leading to decision avoidance.   Definition Decision fatigue is when one feels emotionally tired due to the amount of decisions they’ve had to make. As more decisions are made throughout the day, the outcomes can turn negative. Decision avoidance is when one avoids making a decision due to anxiety.   Solutions Create a system of making better business decisions by using templates or other tools. Experiment to find what works best and implement it in your decision-making routine. Reduce the number of decisions you have to make. Routinize as many decisions as possible. For example, you can start by picking out your outfit the night before or eating a similar lunch everyday. Delegate when possible. Don’t make every decision by yourself. Delegate decisions to others when you’re overwhelmed with the amount of decisions you have. Set decision deadlines. Set deadlines for yourself to avoid procrastination and delaying a decision. Make important decisions early in the day. Instead of agonizing about the outcome of a big decision all day, tackle it first thing in the morning when your mind is still fresh. 4. Imposter syndrome Self-doubt can affect our work and how we present it to others. It can keep us from going after new opportunities and putting ourselves out there in a meaningful way. Definition Imposter syndrome is the self-doubt one has about their professional achievements. People suffering from this often feel like a hoax and that their weaknesses will eventually be exposed. Solutions Establish yourself as a thought-leader through mentorship. Mentorship is a great way to give back, show off your expertise, build your personal brand, and boost your self-confidence. Write down your accomplishments and compliments. Whenever you receive a compliment, write it down. When you’re down, reread your notes to see all that you’ve achieved and give your confidence a boost.   Accept mistakes. Mistakes are inevitable, its how you deal with them that matters. If you see each mistake as a learning experience, you can use it to grow and improve. 5. Burn-out Burn-out   is so widespread that the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified it as an occupational phenomenon. Take control of how work stress affects you physically and mentally before burn-out takes root. Definition As defined by the WHO, burn-out results “from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.” Those suffering from burn-out feel worn out, perform less efficiently, and feel negatively towards their work.   Solutions Take advantage of your vacation days. Preventing burn-out can be as simple as taking time off. If you can’t afford a vacation, stay home and enjoy time where you aren’t working.   Talk to your manager or HR. An open line of communication is crucial to your happiness and dealing with burn-out before it leads to quitting. Develop a strategy to manage your stress. Achieving a good work-life balance is crucial for your health and helps prevent burn-out long-term.   6. Tiredness Exhaustion and tiredness are common themes across workplaces. There are many factors that contribute to our alertness. Definition Tiredness is when you are physically and/or mentally exhausted. It’s the point where you wish for relaxation. Tiredness can make normal tasks feel more demanding. Solutions Get an adequate amount of sleep. Implement a routine of going to bed and waking up at the same time each day. A good night’s sleep is crucial for eliminating tiredness. Drink more water and limit caffeine. Caffeine may give you a quick boost of energy, but too much caffeine can keep you from getting a good nights sleep. Try limiting your caffeine intake for a month and see how you feel. In the meantime, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.   Watch your diet to avoid the post-lunch slump. Carb and protein heavy diets can lead to tiredness after a meal. Eating a light, plant-based meal can help you stay energized.   Get moving during the day. Sitting all day can lead to tiredness. Get moving every hour even if it’s just a quick lap around the office. 7. Dry eyes If you’re working a typical job in an office, you likely spend the majority of your day staring at a screen. This can lead to dry eyes since we don’t blink as often while staring at a computer â€" a whopping 66% less, according to some sources.   Definition Dry eyes occurs when your eyes feel more dry than usual due to forgetting to blink. This can feel irritating and cause strain on your eyes. Solutions Use the 20-20-20 rule. Escaping a computer screen is unlikely, but you can limit the effects of dry eyes. Every 20 minutes, look at something at least 20 feet away for a minimum of 20 seconds. Wear glasses instead of contacts. Contacts can assist in dry eye symptoms because they limit the amount of moisture that can get underneath. If possible, get a pair of computer glasses â€" these come with an anti-reflective coating and color tint to help alleviate or prevent digital eyestrain.   Try to keep your monitor below your eye-level. When your monitor is located above eye-level, you’ll need to open your eyes wider to view the screen. Keep your monitor below eye-level to avoid opening more than necessary.     8. Tendonitis Wrist pain can often be associated with the amount of time we spend typing each day. Preventing tendonitis is key in staying productive long-term. Definition Tendonitis is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon. Repetition of the same activity, such as typing, can lead to tendonitis. Solutions Upgrade your office supplies. If you have wrist pain,   upgrade your office tools to minimize the effects. Look into ergonomic keyboards, gel wrist pads, or a fitted desk or chair.     Keep your keyboard flat and watch your wrist position. Don’t raise your keyboard because it will require you to hold your wrists in an unnatural position. Identify how your wrists rest and try to keep them in as neutral a position as possible.   Stretch and rest. Stretch your wrists and rest them regularly. Take regular breaks from typing to avoid overworking your wrists and remove any accessories that may weigh your wrists down. 9. Poor posture back pain Implementing good posture into your habitual routine isn’t easy. It can feel uncomfortable and more painful than what we’re used to. However, poor posture can lead to back problems for you down the road, so taking action is worth the effort.   Definition Back pain is discomfort and physical pain located in the back. Back pain can be attributed to poor posture or overuse of muscles in the back.     Solutions Correct your posture. Fixing your posture is one of the easiest solutions.   Identify how you sit and work to change it. This change may be uncomfortable initially, but your back will thank you later. Adjust your chair to have adequate back support. Make sure that the chair you sit in all day is helping and not harming you by adjusting it to have adequate back support. Consider buying a pillow if you can’t adjust the chair. Stretch. It’s simple, but stretching can also help alleviate back pain. Yoga and other types of stretching can help strengthen your back.   10. Bad breath While bad breath isn’t directly caused by sitting in an office each day, it is a widespread problem that can negatively affect your relationship with colleagues and your self-esteem.   Definition Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is when one’s breath has an unnatural odor. The odor that comes from your mouth is unpleasant and can be caused by your diet, having a dry mouth, or potentially an infection. Solutions Drink plenty of water. Bad breath can stem from being dehydrated and having a dry mouth. Try to stay hydrated by drinking the recommended amount of water each day. Chew sugar-free gum. Conscious about your breath before a meeting? Keep a pack of sugar-free gum at your desk to freshen your breath and mask the smell.   Keep a portable toothbrush with you. If your meals often contain potent smells, consider keeping a portable toothbrush with you for emergencies.   See a dentist regularly. Bad breath can result from infections in the mouth, so keep up on your dental hygiene by visiting the dentist regularly to prevent and treat any problems.   An apple a day keeps the doctor away Your health needs to be a priority in both your personal and professional life. Work to prevent these common workplace illnesses, but if you fall victim, make sure you treat them right away. There are a number of changes you can make in your daily routine to prevent these ailments, and your efforts will pay off: Being healthy at work can help you reach your goals and get that promotion you’ve had your eye on.

Controlling Organized Crime - 1200 Words

Controlling Organize Crime Paper Louis Pierre CJA/384 May 6, 2013 University of phoenix Professor: Glen Winters Controlling Organize Crime Paper Organize crime is a conspiratorial activity involving the coordination of numerous people in the planning and execution of illegal acts or in the pursuit of a legitimate objective by unlawful means, for example, threatening a legitimate business to get stake in it. However, organize crime involves continuous commitment by primary members, although individuals with specialized skills may be brought in as needed. Therefore, organize crime is usually structured along hierarchical lines is a chieftain supported by close advisers, lower subordinates, and so on. This paper will talk about†¦show more content†¦Federal and State actually did a little to combat organized crime until fairly recently. One of the first measures aimed directly at organize crime was the interstate and Foreign travel or transportation in Aid of Racketeering enterprises Act. (Opening Statement, 2000). However, the convergence in many ways of organized criminal activity, including drug trafficking and terrorism, is a growing concern to the United States and the world. Some experts in the field suggest that in a growing number of cases organized crime and terrorism are being jointly orchestrated, and that this trend can be developing into a global phenomenon. If true, we face a significant new challenge from both law enforcement and national security perspectives. But even if they are not intertwined in an immediate and direct contractual way, the reality appears to be that drug trafficking and terrorism in an organized sense is very much present, and that or ganizational sense alone means that is in many cases organized criminal behavior by those involved in it, whether it is Cosa Nostra or the Russian mafia or anybody like that engaged in it or not. Drug trafficking and terrorism are illegal, clandestine activities and they have a number of common needs: the acquisition of weapons, the maintaining of anonymity, hiding assets, keeping a steady flow of cash, and they both have found their hands strengthened through the ability to operate transnationally. It is important to bear in mind forShow MoreRelatedControlling Organized Crime1363 Words   |  6 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA384 Controlling Organized Crime Since the 1990’s, organized crime has become a problem among U.S. citizens. The Mafia was the earliest group to show its strengths of power and manipulation among citizens and business of New York City. From the time of the Mafia’s rise, other criminal organizations have surfaced using their power to corrupt personal within business for the gain of finance and political strength. In today society, one of the main question whenRead MoreEssay on Controlling Organized Crime1564 Words   |  7 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA/393 Criminal Organizations June 1, 2010 Controlling Organized Crime In this paper, I will identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime. I will also describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, and include a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Lastly, I will suggest a solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectivenessRead MoreControlling Organized Crime Paper1163 Words   |  5 PagesControlling Organized Crime Paper CJA/ 384 August 19, 2013 Controlling Organized Crime Paper Organized crime is an issue that has existed for many years and continues to be on the rise especially with the technology that we have today. 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Costello and Bulger are responsible for crimes devastating to South Boston such as murdering countlessRead More THe Mafia Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Italian-American Mafia, is a group of criminals organized into quot;families,quot; and operating primarily in North America. Also known as La Cosa Nostra, at one time there were 26 families in the United States - roughly one for each major city. The Mafi a composed of bosses of numerous families, mostly New York, was the overseeing authority for all of the other La Cosa Nostra families. New York City is the place of origin for organized crime in the United States. Currently, there are five families

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen An Analysis

Dr Thomas Stockmann is the central character of the play, An Enemy of the People, written by Henrik Ibsen. He is an active medical doctor at the Baths and also has his brother, Peter Stockmann, as the mayor of the town. Stockmann has an optimistic and impulsive nature. In this play, Dr Stockmann finds out a grave health hazard in the Baths of the Norwegian town he is a dweller of. The Baths is being shown to draw in and attract people as a health resort. The officials are being warned by Dr Stockmann regarding the problem. The doctor believes that the officials will consider his observance and close up the Baths in anticipation of its correction. Instead, the doctor meets with severe confrontation. His brother who is the town mayor supports the ideas to keep the Baths remain open and orders for the correction of the problem in a gradual manner. He presses on numerous points of view that call for the towns financial interests. The doctors wife, Katherine, also wanted him to work together with the towns authorities. Thus, this play by Ibsen consists of modern importance, application, consequence and moral depth. It reveals how the responses of Dr Stockmann can be used as an interpretation of a squabble that acting in accordance with his duties to save the public health from harm do not compel him to break his word on his dedication as a father and as a civilian. Dr Stockmann was sure about his discovery as helpful for the town and its people. Instead ofShow MoreRelatedPeer Gynt Analysis1481 Words   |  6 PagesSharlyn Ramirez 4/10/11 EL-123-03 Play Analysis Paper Analysis of Henrik Ibsen’s Play â€Å"Peer Gynt† â€Å"Peer Gynt† (1867) was the first of Henrik Ibsen’s successful plays in the nineteenth – century. Most commonly known as the â€Å"father of modern theater†, Ibsen devoted his entire career to the reconstruction of theater from a large, exaggerated spectacle, to more psychological and condensed productions. He was able to accomplish this through the use of several literaryRead More A Dolls House: A Push To Freedom Essay examples1371 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sometime after the publication of quot;A Dolls Housequot;, Henrik Ibsen spoke at a meeting of the Norwegian Association for Womens Rights. He explained to the group, quot;I must decline the honor of being said to have worked for the Womens Rights movement. I am not even very sure what Womens Rights are. 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The Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen, who wrote in the last half of the 19th Century, broached the subject from a rather feminist angle, stipulating that it was wrong to view an individual woman as a nonentity without rights outside the role of motherhood or marriage; In the 1930sRead MoreIbsen Versus Strindberg5491 Words   |  22 PagesCompare and contrast views of th e family and family relationships shown in the plays of Ibsen and Strindberg, commenting on the relative importance in each case of social and psychological pressures, as well as physical environment, and showing how these are expressed in theatrical terms. This essay will be focusing on three texts written over a three year period: Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler (1890) and August Strindberg’s The Father (1887) and Miss Julie (1888) . In approaching this topic, I

Abortion from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective Free Essays

Population Growth You and me, we aren’t that different. But when we compare ourselves to the 6. 2 billion people in this world or even the 287. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 million in the United States, we start to become really different. Take all of the high-rises and stack them up and I bet we could go to the moon. Now you tell me that is not over-population. This world is growing with people everyday and it doesn’t stop. Because of the population and its growth our resources are becoming limited. Our garbage production on this planet is atrocious! It all needs to stop right now. If we stop populating this world with more people we would become better off later on. Like I said our natural resources are limited and everyday a lot of them are getting thrown in the trash. These are all things that have to do with population. Everyday we are changing the environment around us, whether it is building roads, houses or any other thing in that matter. In doing so we are taking up space on Earth. Which means that we are running out of room to grow. And pretty soon we will have no room to grow on this planet. In Bangladesh there are 2,405 people per square mile. Hong Kong is virtually made of high-rises that 6. 8 million people live in. The Chinese region of Macaa is 57,369 people per square mile. These numbers are all because we are running out of room to grow, thus we are turning to high-rises. Brazil has a population of 176. 5 million people and eight out of ten people live in towns or cities and it grows 1. 3% each year. 1. 3% is what the world’s average growth rate is. And you think that is bad, look at Africa, which has a growth rate of 2. 4% and of course is the highest in the world. Tokyo, Japan, home of 34 million Japanese, is the largest city in the world. Mexico City, Mexico has 22. 4 million el locos living in it. New York, New York, has 21. 8 million people in its borders and is the 4th largest city. Sao Paulo, Brazil, has 20 million people that I get to go meet and it is the 5th largest city. The 8th largest city is Los Angeles, California that is home to 17. 8 million Americans. The 19th largest city is Rio de Janeiro, which is home to 12 million Brazilians who I also get to meet. Number 26 is Chicago, Illinois, home to 9. 7 million Americans. Like I said, this world is growing. In 15,000 BC, 5 million people started hunting and gathering food for themselves. In 5,000 BC there were 66 million people in the world and they could finally settle in one place and farm. And now look at this world! The numbers of humans has never been on the downfall for very long. But the world’s growth rate has been falling at more or less . 1% annually. As you recall, the average growth rate is 1. 3%. In about 40 years from now, more than 50 countries will experience negative growth with a world growth rate at about 0. 34% per year. Like I’ve said, there are some natural resources that are running out. 70% of the Earth is covered in water. Only 25% of water supplies are clean and healthy in Ethiopia. 69% of water we use is for farming. Since 10,000 BC, humans have destroyed half of our world’s forest. Lets face it; mineral resources are finite and should be recycled for future generations. For example, the 287. 4 million Americans use ten times the amount of oil Africa does with 840 million people. Although this is not a renewable resource, it is a natural one we are going to run out of real soon. As common sense kicks in, we realize that the more people there are the more oil we use. Now you can take that fact and apply it to ANY resource. To set it straight, 2,000 years ago there were 250 million people in the world. 1700. 679 million people 1900. 1. 63 billion people 1920. 1. 96 billion people 1950. 2. 52 billion people 1990. 5. 29 billion people in the world. In 1999 the world hit 6 billion people. Today there is about 6. 3 billion and it is growing every day. This is not a good thing. Our environment is being stretched to its limits and it has to stop. We need to stop it by stopping population growth. How to cite Abortion from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective, Essay examples

Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning Health Care

Question: Describe about the Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning for Health Care. Answer: The communication between patient and health care practitioners has been seen to improve the quality of health care. There are demands made on the physician which are both intellectual and emotional in nature, the analytical reasoning should be balanced with interpersonal skills to facilitate better care. Here, the analysis of the two case studies will be done where the method of gaining further information, identification of immediate or long-term problems as well as the application of the clinical reasoning will be discussed. Work sheet 1 Part A The patient presents with a probable risk of hypovolemic shock which can occur after surgery and needs immediate attention. The patient reports with low blood pressure with 110 /50, pulse rate of 112 being weak and thread as well as low urine output between 25 30 ml/hour. This is often accompanied by sweating, confusion, restlessness, cool, moist and pale skin, tingling of lips (Botwinick, 2016) .Thus one should check for signs and gather more information. The patient also shows signs of fluid deficit in spite of being under IV administration of 84ml per hour, this also requires immediate attention. If left unattended then it may cause heart failure, anemia, dysfunction of platelet as well as gastrointestinal problems (Inouye , 2014). There has to be an implementation where fluid balance is maintained. The patient is of Aboriginal origin and hence developing a relationship with the patient and his family will prove to be an invaluable start to establish trust and naturally ensure a better recovery ( Mercer , 2013). These people tend to stay away from the mainstream health care. It is important to be culturally aware and act appropriately and ask questions in their native language to know more about his past medical history as some details may have been missed as they cling to their idea shame and often dont communicate. As the family of the patient is large and the patient is an elderly, discretion has to be practiced. It is important to remember that the major purpose of asking for family history is assessing additional risk factors for the patients current and health in future. It is important to understand the cultural differences and communicate accordingly to know more about the patients eating habits as he has type II diabetes and refer a diet chart accordingly as a mean to attend to his long term problem (Moran , 2013). To impact positively an improvement in psychosocial factors, metabolic control and enhanced self management skills and suggesting necessary life style changes. Smoking cessation programs should be referred to the patient and his family in a gentle way, stressing more on the long-term ill effects of it. This is more important as the patient just went through colon surgery (Ross, 2013). For this case study of the patient, clinical reasoning has been applied by gathering patient information, collecting cues and processing the information. By understanding all these, the nurses can understand the problem or situation of the patient. They plan and implement interventions. In addition, they can evaluate the outcomes as well as learn the proce ss. Work sheet 2 Part A The 88 year old patient can be asked questions to assess post-op delirium. Asking Betty the day of the week or to recite the months of the year in a backward fashion can identify delirium up to 93 % (Futurity, 2015). Asking her to rate her pain in a scale from 0-10 may also prove to be helpful as well as factors, which accelerate pain, it should be kept in mind that experiencing pain is subjective in nature. Enquiring more about the chest pain should be done, as she is experiencing chest pain with breathing. As she hasnt voided in last 24 hours, it would be helpful in asking if she is feeling any signs of dehydration like dry or sticky mouth, tiredness or feeling sleepy (Hooper, 2015). The above information will allow the health care professional to attend to the immediate needs. The immediate action should be to ensure normal oxygen saturation as it is border line of about 95% and this can be a reason behind her agitation, confusion. Another issue is the patient having sinus tachyca rdia, showed by signs of elevated heart rate and probable sign of no voiding in last 24 hours, suspecting hypovolemia. Pain medication can be given as she complains of chest pain but first the assessment of pain should be done first by asking questions such as time of onset, signs of radiation, severity, length of time the pain have been present, frequency and what were she doing when the pain started and if anything happened to make it worse ("Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia ", 2016). She has a history of osteoarthritis and hip and wrist pain. This will require future care as she may have impaired physical mobility and may require mobility aid when tries to move. Aftercare after an ORIF is necessary as proper healing of the hip bone is required. Good sources of vitamin D and calcium are essential in diet along with good source of protein such as meat (Wildman 2016). Taking help of a physical therapist may prove to be essential for better movement and to decrease pain. Betty has been showing signs of memory problems for past 18 months. She will be benefitted by memory training interventions which will include stress management, promotion of health ( Striling , 2016). Research shows that there is a positive correlation between physical activity and performance of memory where greater physical activity is associated with better memory. Mild exercises for at least 15 minutes or 3 or more occasions a week particularly benefit cognitive performances. In the given case scenario, clinical reasoning has been applied by collecting patient information, gathering cues and processing the information. All these information will help the the nurses in understanding the problem or condition of the patient. They will plan and implement the interventions. Additionally, they will evaluate the outcomes and learn the process. References Botwinick, I., Johnson, J. H., Safadjou, S., Cohen-Levy, W., Reddy, S. H., McNelis, J., ... Stone, M. E. (2016). Geriatric nursing home falls: A single institution cross-sectional study.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics,63, 43-48. Hooper, L., Abdelhamid, A., Attreed, N. J., Campbell, W. W., Channell, A. M., Chassagne, P., ... Gaspar, P. M. (2015). Clinical symptoms, signs and tests for identification of impending and current waterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ loss dehydration in older people.The Cochrane Library. Inouye, S. K., Westendorp, R. G., Saczynski, J. S. (2014). Delirium in elderly people.The Lancet,383(9920), 911-922. Mercer, C. (2013). The Experiences of Aboriginal Health Workers (AHWs) and Health Professionals Working Collaboratively in the Delivery of Health Care to Aboriginal Australians: A Systematic Review.HNE Handover: For Nurses and Midwives,6(1). Moran, C., Phan, T. G., Chen, J., Blizzard, L., Beare, R., Venn, A., ... Pearson, S. (2013). Brain Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes Regional distribution and influence on cognition.Diabetes care,36(12), 4036-4042. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Search. (2016).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 20 August 2016, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/search.aspx?q=rating%20pain%20out%20of%2010 Ross, J., Lim, J., Rudland, K., Gupta, D., Michael, H. (2013). Structured Training Positively Impacts Nurses Beliefs and Practices On Promotion of Smoking Cessation. InRespirology(Vol. 18, No. Suppl. 2, pp. 11-11). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia. Stirling, C., Campbell, B., Bentley, M., Bucher, H., Morrissey, M. (2016). A qualitative study of patients' experiences of a nurse-led memory clinic.Dementia,15(1), 22-33. These 2 questions quickly identify delirium - Futurity. (2015).Futurity. Retrieved 20 August 2016, from https://www.futurity.org/delirium-older-adults-hospitals-1004272/ Wildman, R. E., Wildman, R., Wallace, T. C. (Eds.). (2016).Handbook of nutraceuticals and functional foods. CRC press.

ashely lebev Essay Example

ashely lebev Essay Example ashely lebev Essay ashely lebev Essay Ashley Lebedev She is a 30 -year-old Artist Fine Art Photographer, specializing in conceptual portraiture, abandoned buildings, and moodscapes. She is also a poet and a writer. Her favorite movie is Bright Star. Her favorite book is Water For Elephants. She was born in 1983. Ashley currently lives in Minneapolis. Before that, she lived in Minneapolis, MN from 2006 to 2007. Ashley Lebedev attended Norwood Ctrl High School in NORWOOD, MN and graduated class of 2001. After attending school for Commercial Photography, Ashley chose to venture away from conventional hotographic style, and developed a taste for telling stories through her photographs. Her style is best described as emotional, atmospheric and romantic, brought to fruition with a very specific and continued emphasis on vintage eras, forgotten buildings, and texture work. In early 2008, Ashley made the decision to stop shooting commercial photography to focus entirely on her passion of being an artist, relaying her personal vision through photos. Ashley resides in Minnesota and is currently showing both locally and nationally. Ashley Lebedev is nlike any photographer I know. Her style is unforgettable. She tells stories with her art and leaves viewers feeling like they have been kicked in the gut (or the heart). She absolutely loves creativity and passion. Passionate people passionate experiences really do it for her. She draws so much sustenance from everything around her. She draws an huge amount of inspiration from is the simpleness in nature. The best things in life really are free. The more she fills herself up with passion, simplicity, and nature the more she finds she can draw freely from own creative flow.

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President Here is a quick list of fast facts for Jimmy Carter. For more in depth information, you can also read the Jimmy Carter Biography. Birth: October 1, 1924 Death: Term of Office: January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Chart of the First Ladies Jimmy Carter Quote: Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy, because human rights is the very soul of our sense of nationhood.Additional Jimmy Carter Quotes Election of 1976: Carter ran against incumbent Gerald Ford against the backdrop of the United States Bicentennial. The fact that Ford had pardoned Richard Nixon of all wrongdoing after he had resigned from the presidency caused his approval rating to severely drop. Carters outsider status worked in his favor. Further, while Ford performed well in their first presidential debate, he committed a gaffe in the second concerning Poland and the Soviet Union that continued to haunt him through the rest of the campaign.   The election ended up being very close. Carter won the popular vote by two percentage points.  The electoral vote was very close. Carter held 23 states with 297 electoral votes. On the other hand, Ford won 27 states and 240 electoral votes. There was one faithless elector representing Washington who voted for Ronald Reagan instead of Ford.   Major Events While in Office: Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned (1977)Panama Canal Treaty (1977)Camp David Accords (1978)US officially recognizes Peoples Republic of China (1979)Three Mile Island incident (1979)Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) States Entering Union While in Office: None Significance of Jimmy Carters Presidency: One of the big issues that Carter dealt with during his administration was energy. He created the Department of Energy and named its first Secretary. In addition, after the Three Mile Island incident, he oversaw stricter regulations for Nuclear Energy plants.   In 1978,  Carter  held peace talks at Camp David between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin which ended in a formal peace treaty between the two countries in 1979. In addition, America formally established diplomatic relations between China and the U.S.   On November 4, 1979, 60 Americans were taken hostage when the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran was taken. 52 of these hostages were held for longer than a year. Oil imports were halted and economic sanctions were imposed. Carter staged a rescue attempt in 1980. Unfortunately, three of the helicopters used in the rescue malfunctioned, and they were unable to proceed. The Ayatollah Khomeini finally agreed to let the hostages go if the US would unfreeze Iranian assets. However, he did not complete the release until Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president.   Related Jimmy Carter Resources: These additional resources on Jimmy Carter can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Gerald FordRonald ReaganList of American Presidents

AIDS in Africa in the 20th Century Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

AIDS in Africa in the 20th Century - Term Paper Example food, clothes, etc. Soon enough, however, they are not only confronted with economic distress alone but also with an insurmountable social disaster. Apparently, two of the most prevalent social issues they are facing are stigmatization and discrimination. These issues are evident in a study about the women in Nigeria. This paper argues that these two social issues--stigmatization and discrimination--are the top reasons why AIDS survives up until the 20th century and beyond. Even so, both social issues worsen the problem of AIDS in Africa. Lastly, this paper suggests that if the government and other interventionists alike are really serious with their aim of eliminating AIDS in Africa, they should first gear their efforts on eliminating these two social issues. AIDS as a Social Construct Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS is a condition brought about by HIV infection. As the disease’s name suggests, the HIV infection would make the body’s immune system deficient , making it more susceptible for other infections that may potentially compromise body functioning (Stolley and Glass 2009, 5). However, beyond this scientific definition, AIDS became known as a more complex problem. In a study by Keniston (1989, 2), he revealed that AIDS resonates problems in public health, politics, psychological processes, education, as well as issues regarding public attitude and morals. Moreover, Keniston (1989, 2) pointed out that AIDS is more of a social construct than a biological one. To date, it seems that the same still holds true. First and foremost, the spread of the virus is enacted within the sexual behavior of two individuals--clearly a social interaction. Second, cultural and social structures help shape and condition the behaviors and interactions that further spread AIDS (Keniston 1989, 2). For instance, the African society’s poverty prods women to engage in sexual trades, thereby, perpetrating the disease. Lastly, societal notions regardin g AIDS give rise to the concepts of stigma and discrimination, which contribute to oppression towards African women as well as to the worsening of Africa’s problem on AIDS. Stigma and Discrimination Stigmatization Defined In ancient times, stigma is a Greek term used to symbolize the mark on the flesh of a scandalous character, â€Å"a traitor, criminal, or slave† (Harvey 2001, quoted in Akanbi 2010, 3209). Additionally, a famous definition states that stigma is characterized as a â€Å"discrediting within a particular social interaction, as a spoiled social identity and a deviation from the attributes considered normal and acceptable by society† (Harvey et al. 2001, quoted in Akanbi 2010, 3209). Interestingly, a study made by Inside-Out Research (2003, quoted in Akanbi 2010, 3209) regarding South Africa, provides a two-fold definition of stigma: (1) internal stigma, an internal remorse that further makes the victim hide her condition, thereby, declining assista nce and access to resources, and (2) enacted or external stigma, which implies discrimination and society’s fear of association with a person who has HIV or AIDS. Factors That Brought Stigmatization A study asserts that certain natural and socio-demographic factors influence HIV/AIDS stigmatization and discrimination among women in Lagos State, Nigeria. Among these factors are related to what Liz

Rhetorics and Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Rhetorics and Stereotypes - Essay Example Rhetoric and stereotyping go well with each other especially that people are using rhetoric to influence and keep stereotyping in practice. Stereotyping is also â€Å"implanted† in the mind from the early age and it is difficult to battle with, especially that the rhetoric acts on the mind as a persuasive tool.   Stereotyping is the concept which binds people with similar traits or attributes in a particular class. Stereotyping has its positive and negative impacts. Most of the people associate it with the discriminatory act against groups. Stereotyping promotes the group evaluation and value rather than individuals. People belonging to one stereotype are presumed to have traits which are attributed to that particular class regardless of the individual identities of people and their traits. Stereotyping, hence, creates difficulties for people who belong to a particular stereotype group but have different traits like politicians who are mostly known as corrupt people regardless of the individual nature and qualities of politicians. Stereotyping and its effects are different on every group. This paper, however, aims to analyze the Politicians, Tattooed persons, feminists and senior citizens as the major discussion in the field of rhetoric and stereotyping. The tattooed individuals are bound together in a single stereotyping group as per their similar practice of tattoos on their body. The similar trait of signing tattoos may differ in design, maxims, slogans, message and size. This stereotyped group is often associated with rockers, punks, criminals etc. In other words we may say that these people are not regarded as reverend as soldiers, older people, teachers etc. the group called feminists represents those who are highly in favor of equality and/or superiority of women over men. The people associated with this group are more concerned about freedom and rights of women in the society. People often consider them to have the feelings of

Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis

Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis Heterocycles1 are one of the major classes of organic compounds. They are cyclic compounds containing one or more heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur etc.). These compounds are of biological and industrial importance. Many materials that are essential to life include a heterocyclic moiety; examples of these are: amino acids, nucleic acids, pigments, vitamins, antibiotics and many more. Heterocycles are part of our everyday life and are present in: drugs, dyes, pesticides and plastics.2, 3 Most common heterocycles are five or six membered ring; examples of these are pyridine, pyrrole, furan and thiophene (Figure 1). It is also possible to find two or more of them fused together to give even more complex structures.4 Figure 1: Common heterocyclic structures Many heterocyclic compounds are biosynthesised by plants and animals and hence have biological activity. These include as the haem group in the blood, and the chlorophylls ,essential for photosynthesis, both of these are essential to life.5 Examples of heterocycles used in the pharmaceutical industry include the pyridine based anti-AIDS-virus drug Nevirapine6, or the vasodilator Nicorandil for the treatment of angina (Figure 2).7 Figure 2: Example of heterocyclic drugs Pyrimidines are an important class of heterocycles that are essential to life and biologically and pharmacologically active. Cytosine, thiamine, uracil, adenine, guanine are the nitrogen bases that are present in both DNA and RNA (Figure 3); derivatives of these have been used to form the core of drug molecules, due to their ability to selectively interact with the human body.3, 7 Figure 3: Pyrimidines 2. Synthesis of heterocycles There are various traditional pathways leading to high yielding heterocyclic synthesis. Two of the most common are: Fischer-indole1, 8 synthesis and a Hantzsch synthesis to obtain the pyridines. Fisher-indole synthesis (Scheme 1) has been the most important method for the preparation of substituted indoles. It involves the formation of an imine 1.3 from a hydrazine 1.1 and a ketone 1.2. This will then tautomerise to give a enamine 1.4 that will subsequently undergo a [3,3] Cope rearrangement and form a di-imine 1.5, that will then aromatise. The aromatised amine 1.6 will undergo further intramolecular cyclisation to give the indoline 1.7 which will also aromatise to give the second ring system of the indole 1.8.4, 7 Scheme 1: Fischer-indole synthesis of indoles The Hantzsch1, 8 synthesis (Scheme 2), is a three component reaction, which firstly involves an aldol condensation of a diketone 2.1 with acetone 2.2. This is then followed by a conjugate addition of another equivalent of a diketone 2.1 to give a tetraketone 2.4. By adding ammonia it will lead to the formation of an imine and enamine component 2.5, which will subsequently react with sodium nitrate and acetic acid to aromatise to give pyridine 2.6.9 Scheme 2: Hantzsch synthesis of pyridines These two synthetical techniques have been greatly utilised however they have their downsides; which range from the need for high temperatures, large amounts of stoichiometric reagents, as well as the poor accessibility of the starting materials. This has therefore driven research for the discovery of new methodologies for an efficient route for the synthesis of heterocycles and their derivatives. A wide range of new heterocyclic synthetic routes using metal cross coupling reactions have arisen in particular utilising palladium as catalyst10, examples which are considered in the section below. 2.1. Synthesis of indole heterocycles using catalysis A palladium catalysed Fisher indole synthesis has been discovered by Wagaw et. al.. It involves the cross coupling of an aryl bromide and a hydrazone. This palladium catalysed reaction has proven to be very versatile in respect to the functionality of both the reagents used. The addition of the p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate hydrolyses imine 3.3 therefore liberating the hydrazine which will subsequently react with a ketone to give a hydrazone. This will then undergo standard Fischer-indole process to produce 3.4 (Scheme 3).11 Scheme 3: Palladium catalysed Fischer-indole synthesis 2.1.1. Palladium catalysed reactions Palladium catalysed reactions have been regularly used in both academic and industrial synthetic chemistry laboratories as an important method for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. These have been heavily applied in the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically important molecules.1, 12 Many palladium catalysed reactions go through a similar catalytic cycle. The catalytic species can be formed in situ by using a palladium source such as Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 or Pd(OAc)2 with the addition of an appropriate ligand. By choosing the correct ligand this can improve two steps in the catalytic cycle; oxidative addition and reductive elimination.13 A common feature of these catalytic process (Scheme 4) is the formation of aryl/alkyl Pd(II) intermediates which will then be functionalised to form C-C or C-Heteroatom bonds that are cleaved off from the metal centre.14 Most of the Pd catalysed reactions undergo the same basic catalytic cycle involving; oxidative addition, transmetallation and reductive elimination. Scheme 4: Palladium catalytic cycle 2.1.2. Palladium catalysed cross coupling reactions Below in Table 1 are described some of the most common palladium catalysed reactions.15-18 Table 1: Palladium catalysed reactions Name of Reaction Suzuki Stille Negishi Hiyama Sonogashira Heck Buckwald-Hartwig Catalyst Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0), Cu(I) Pd(0) Pd(0) Base Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Reagent 1 Reagent 2 R= EWG (eg. NO2, CN, COOR) Product 3. Recent examples of heterocyclic synthesis There are various recent examples of interesting heterocycles synthesis. Large amounts of research covering aspects of C-H activation, atom economy improvements and efficiency with the use of different solvents has been carried out to improve the conditions of the synthesis. An interesting class of heterocyclic moiety is pyrimidines due to their desirable biological activity. Over recent years the pyrimidine system (Figure 4) has been shown to be an important pharmacophore.19 Figure 4: Pyrimidine moiety Pyrimidines are very prevalent in nature; they are the precursors for the nucleoside bases of both DNA and RNA (Figure 3) and are also found in many more natural products such as vitamins and antibiotics. Examples, of this class of heterocycles, are shown below in Figure 5.19 Figure 5: Natural products containing pyrimidine moiety As a result of this long-lasting interest in the pyrimidine moiety as well as in its derivatives in the use as potential drug targets, the synthesis of this heterocyclic ring has been expansively researched.15 Good yielding strategies have been developed primarily on the basis of nitrogen-carbon-nitrogen condensation reactions. An example of this is the Pinner addition (Scheme 5) of guanidines 5.2 and amidine salts to 1,3-diketones 5.1 or their derivatives.20 Scheme 5: Pinner addition for the synthesis of pyrimidines 3.1. Synthesis of ÃŽ ²-Enaminones: an entry into pyrimidines Gayon et. al.21 have demonstrated highly stereoselective synthesis of ÃŽ ²-enaminones via based catalysed rearrangement of propargylic hydroxylamines. ÃŽ ²-Enaminones are versatile compounds that have been used for their pharmacological activity, as building blocks for natural product synthesis and heterocyclic synthesis. The initial discovery showed that propargylic hydroxylamine 6.1 underwent rearrangement to give the Cbz-protected enaminone 6.2 as a single (Z) diastereomer (Scheme 6) which could then be used for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidines. Scheme 6: Base catalysed rearrangement reaction to afford ÃŽ ²-enaminones The reaction mechanism (Scheme 7) starts from the deprotonated aminol 7.2 that is easily formed; this is due to the association of the hydroxyl anions present in solution with the propargylic hydroxylamine 7.1. With the deprotonation takes place at the propargylic position an imine 7.3 is formed this is also because of the elimination of hydroxyl anions which are triggered by the deprotonation itself. Hydroxyl anions add to the imine which will eventually for the allenol 7.4. This can then undergo keto-enol tautomerisation to produce the deprotonated enaminone 7.5. The last step involves proton exchange between another molecule of propargylic hydroxylamine 7.1 and the anionic deprotonated enaminone 7.5 to give the product and another molecule of aminol 7.6. Scheme 7: Mechanism for rearrangement These enaminones proved to be an interesting building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidines. The presence of a nucleophilic nitrogen atom, a double bond and an electrophilic carbonyl provided an different cyclocondensation process to simple Pinner addition on the basis of the addition of an electrophile/nucleophile partner; such as a carboxamide. Scheme 8: Propargylic hydroxylamine to pyrimidines The presence of the nitrogen atom on the enaminone 6.2 is advantageous for an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of functionalised pyrimidines (Scheme 8) from readily commercially available and inexpensive carboxamides that can give easier access to pyrimidines. 3.2. Synthesis of Pyrazine Heterocycles and their Derivatives Pyridazines have been considered one of the ‘most drugable’ heteroaromatic rings for medicinal purposes.22 Its analogues have proved to be good starting points for developing drugs for various molecular targets and have demonstrated biological activity in many key areas such as obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory pain and many more.22 Abed et al. have recently elaborated a synthesis of novel fused pyridazines by carrying out a diaza-Wittig reaction on 1,3-diketones (Scheme 9).20 Scheme 9: Synthesis of pyrazine heterocycles The work was divided in two parts; the first was the development of a convenient strategy to obtain versatile pyridazines containing an ester group at position 6 as a point of divergence. The latter steps involved the synthesis of pyridazines 9.4 with a ketone group at position 6. Towards this aim, different methods of cyclization techniques were applied which led to the formation of previously not known biheterocyclic compounds. This novel methodology provided an attractive synthesis for fused pyridazines derivatives (9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8).20 The synthesis of functionalised pyridazines 10.4 (Scheme 10) proceeded via a diaza-Wittig reaction (10.3 to 10.4, step b.) affording a convenient and safer method for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles. Scheme 10: Synthesis of pyridazines 3.3. Direct imine acylation for heterocyclic synthesis Much attention has been focussed on the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic structure to advance the discovery of novel lead compounds for pharmaceutical discovery. A particularly useful approach is the formation of N-acyliminium ions from the acylation of imines with acid halides and anhydrides. This is a well-known reaction but very little work has previously been carried out to show the full potential of these ring closure reactions.23 Unsworth et. al. has provided a neat ring closing reaction (Scheme 11) by using propylphosphonic acid anhydride 11.3 (T3P) and NEt(iPr)2 for the coupling of aliphatic acids 11.2 (containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur nucleophiles) to imines 11.1. This will generate N-acyliminium ions 11.4 that can easily be trapped intramolecularly by the nucleophilic substituents that are present on the aliphatic acid fragment to form 11.5. Scheme 11: Ring closing reaction for heterocyclic synthesis This methodology has been used by Unsworth for the synthesis of the natural product evodiamine (Figure 6).24 Figure 6: Synthesis of evodiamine 4. Domino reactions A process that involves two or more bond-forming transformations that can take place under the same reaction conditions without additional reagents and/or catalysts, are considered to be domino/tandem reaction.25 In the past decades, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through new domino reactions has attracted many researches and is still an expanding area.26 The idea of building simple and complex heterocycles starting from very easy and reasonable building blocks using a ‘single pot’ reaction with consecutive transformation taking place, is an attractive tool for synthetic chemists, especially if the synthesis can be used to create multiple stereogenic centres.26, 27 This ‘one pot’ strategy has many advantages; reduction of solvent, waste production, reaction time and atom economy28, all of which are important for developing a more sustainable chemistry. One single reaction can potentially convert an inexpensive material to a highly complex, biologically active heterocyclic molecule.26, 29 For many years the research groups of Valotti and Arcadi have focussed their interests in developing a new synthetic route for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles starting from alkyne derivatives.30 They have focused most of their attention on the synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles by the condensation of ketoalkynes with ammonia.30 Examples of these are shown below in Scheme 12 and show the 5-exo-dig cyclisation reactions of 4-pentynones 12.1 to synthesise polysubstituted and joined pyrrole derivatives 12.2, Ketoalkyne moiety 12.5 in an aromatic framework would allow a 6-endo-dig cyclisation of 5-acetyl-4-alkynylthiazoles 12.6 and 2-acyl-3-alkynylindoles 12.7 to pyrido[3,4-c]thiazole and pyrido[3,4-b]indoles 12.8.31, 32 Scheme 12: Synthesis of pyrrole, pyridine and indole nitrogen containing heterocycles Another example of a tandem reaction for heterocyclic synthesis is the intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones for the formation of cyclic isooxazolidines ( Scheme 13). For example an interesting method has been developed for the generation of the cyclic isooxazolidines frameworks by using cheap and accessible starting material, such as Amaryllicaceae alkaloids, through a 1,2-prototropic shift of oximes. Scheme 13: Tandem reaction for cyclic isooxazolidines Wildman observed that the reaction of 6-hydroxybuphandidrine with hydroxylamine produced a cycloadduct; the reaction occurs by the formation of an intermediate oxime that then undergoes a subsequent 1,2-prototropic shift to give the nitrile oxide that then undergoes an intramolecular [1,3]-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. 5. Indoles In both nature and drug discovery, a common nitrogen containing heterocycle is indole and its derivatives. These naturally occurring molecules are present in a range of compounds (Figure 7) such as amino acids (tryptophan) and hormones (melatonin) and many others.33 Figure 7: Naturally occurring indoles As indoles are structural components of a large number of biologically active natural compounds, their synthesis and functionalization has been heavily researched, and is a crucial step in the preparation of many pharmaceutical compounds.33 Below, in Figure 8, are a couple of examples of indole containing pharmaceuticals and their applications; Sumatripan used for the treatment of migraine and Arbidol as an antiviral drug.34 Figure 8: Indole containing pharmaceutical compounds Another potential application for indoles is the possible use of indole derived nitrones as spin traps which can be employed as free radical probes for the identification of radicals in chemical and biological systems.35, 36 The pyrroline based 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) followed by the 5-carbamoyl-5-methyl-l-pyrroline N-oxide (AMPO) have often been used as nitrene spin traps in the past years (Figure 9).37 The use of spin trapping has gained attention in the recent years and it is currently being used in the investigation of reactive intermediates in the areas of fuel cell research, nanotechnology, catalysis, environmental remediation and photodynamic therapy using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).38 Figure 9: DMPO and AMPO spin traps The main disadvantages with many spin trap nitrones, for example DMPO, is the formation of secondary EPR signals; caused by the formation of other radical species caused by the instability by hydrolysis, decomposition and various other side reactions.37 Also, the slow reactivity of the superoxide radical anion to the nitrones and the short half-life of the spin adducts together, with slow rate of passive diffusion through the cell membran decreases their application in the human body as O2. – probes, unless further modifications can be carried out.38 Variants of the DMPO that contain indole moieties are 1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-isoindole-N-oxide (TMINO) and 1,1-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-isoindole-N-oxide(3-TF-TMINO) (Figure 10) which offer more stability to the oxygen radical adduct.37 Figure 10: Novel spin trap nitrones 6. Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Novel structures related to indoles such as isoindoline and isoindolinone compounds (Figure 11) are still relatively unexplored and have only begun to be explored over the past few years. Figure 11: Isoindoline and Isoindolinone Both of these structures have attracted a large amount of attention as pharmacophores due to their potential physiological and chemotherapeutic activity. These bicyclic models moieties have found a large importance as intermediates in the synthesis of various dugs and natural products.39 The more stable isoindolinones in particular demonstrate fascinting biological properties40, 41 as part of biologically active natural products such as magallanesine as well as drug candidates such as pagoclone shown in Figure 12.42 Figure 12: Isoindolinones as drug candidates The biological activity of isoindolinones has been utilised for the preparation of drugs for treatments in a wide range of diseases (Figure 13) such as: diabetes treatment, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antipsychotic agents, for the modulation of dopamine D receptor, inhibitors of amyloid protein aggregation for the treatment of Alzheimer, selective antagonist of Essential Thromobocythemia (ET) diseases related to the heart and the lungs, melanocortin subtype-4-receptor in the targeting of weight disorder and sexual dysfunction43 and as antileukemic agents.42, 44-46 Figure 13: Isoindolines as drug candidates There have been several methods employed traditionally for the synthesis of these compounds based on use of a wide range of transformation, such as Diels-Alder, Grignard reagents, reductions, Wittig reactions and photochemical reactions. An example of one of them follows in Scheme 14. Scheme 14: One pot synthesis of isoindolinones The traditional routes are usually complex and have proved to be very unsatisfactory due to the low yields and the expensive starting material.39 Most approaches do not provide a large compatibility with many functional groups and suffer from a lack of generality.38, 42 New approaches have arisen in the past decades involving palladium chemistry and lithiation procedure for the synthesis of substituted isoindolinones that have proved to be easier to handle. An example of this is shown below (Scheme 15).47 Scheme 15: Lithiation and substitution

Summer Solstice

Summer Solstice Actually the Summer Solstice story of he famous Nick Joaquin and the Movie Tatarin was great. Great in the sense that it shows the true meaning of the story that men should sometimes be equal to women and women can also dominate men in all criteria of living. The following are some events that are not in the story itself and were added in the movie: ? The scene that Amada is dancing the ritual in the forest. ? All the sexy or bed scenes that are added for the spice of the movie to give some interest for some men ? The rituals they do in the Balete tree that there some kind of vegetables that symbolizes something ? Michaela and Maggie are not originally in the story and also the scene where Maggie is dancing with Guido and seducing him by letting him touch her breast. ? The flashback scene were Don Paeng is watching the Pareade of St John and Tatarin when he was young ? The scene at the Church were they have a listened the mass ? The women of Tatarin dancing with the men of St. John in the forest and I the part the sex scene of Guido and Donya Lupe ? When Donya Lupe put oil in his body and imagining that he is with someone ? The scene were Don Paeng invited Guido while dancing to have some drink There are nothing that has been removed them only added but there are some changes of setting Example are: ? the place they held the ritual it is said in the book that it is a chapel while in the movie it is in the forest ? originally in the story that Donya Lupe has three boys but in the movie she has two boys only ? he characteristic of Amada was change in the story she is fat but she was presented in the movie by Rica Peralejo who is a sexy woman ? I think one is the place were Do Paeng was beaten by the women of Tatarin In the Story some characters or things that symbolize something the following are some: ? The Age of Byron it symbolizes Guido as a conventional man ? The Age of Victoria which symbolizes Paeng as a traditional man ? The moon which means the domi nance of women The Crocodile it symbolizes the women of Tatarin being strong and wild ? Men kissing the feet of the women means that men adore the women and respect for them ? The sun in symbolizes the men ? Tatarin ritual symbolizes that women can also dominate men sometimes it shows supremacy with women ? St John symbolizes men in the sense that there is somekind of empower ment of men over women ? The saying pagpantay ng araw at buwan mean that it being showed that during these times men can be equal with women

Victorian Literature Essay Topics Ideas

Victorian Literature Essay Topics Ideas So How About Victorian Literature Essay Topics? Differences A considerable difference in literature for the 2 eras exists owing to a difference in living conditions. Any sort of literary analysis, for example, poetry analysis essay, should interest the logic with no emotions. The contemporary literature can offer several intriguing answers to that question. One of the absolute most important things that you'll need to see about Victorian literature is the simple fact it brings together a really good blend of internationally acceptable language expertise in an effort to appreciate the humble beginnings from which we currently have the popular English language. Victorian Literature Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? So remember to get a great look initially before selecting your dissertation title. In each part of writing, your ideas have to be understandable. As soon as you've chosen your topic, attempt to produce your title catchy and relevan t. Besides consistency, an expert website has to be aesthetically appealing and also functional. For many students, it's very complicated to begin the paper and it's, in fact, the toughest part. Now you know how to structure a research proposal, it's time to commence the job. Of all Of the sorts of article, composing a speedy composition might seem to be the easiest. Therefore, it's very important for every single student to receive abilities to compose English term papers. You've done much in your life that universities want to hear around. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. By writing essays, they will have to read closely and get beyond the surface of the text. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. What Needs to be Done About Victorian Literature Essay Topics Before It's Too Late Several quotations and citations are utilized within the body as a way to provide a better impression on the subject that you have selected. You will have the ability to control the purchase process from that point. A serious and expert site that delivers study materials will be designed dependent on elegance. Use textual proof to support your examples. The Importance of Victorian Literature Essay Topics The Victorian period has renowned poets like Rossetti and Tennyson in addition to famous novelists like George Elliot and Dickens. Discuss the way the important reception of a specific author has changed over time. It is quite different from modern poetry, which makes it a good add-on to any literature unit. The poetry of this period was an immediate reflection of the well-known attitudes of the moment. Thus English literature essay gets easy once you use these service providers and you may also realize the greatest scores due to this professional English literature essay. Shock Literature isn't really Literature in the genuine sense and ought not to be given serious consideration for a genre. Charles Dickens provides an excellent example. The Basics of Victorian Literature Essay Topics In some specific instances, particularly once you need writing assistance on a quick notice, there might not be sufficient time to go through portfolios of individual businesses and writers. You can have a look at the quality of literature examples for sat essay to observe the sort of expert services we're speaking about. Strong clients' support and high-level writers offer service that may help reach complex targets, and do it as quickly as possible. If you're going to want some custom writing help online on the topic of definition essay writing, you're welcome to go to our custom writing site . Another topic an individual can concentrate on is class distinctions. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Generally, it's tough to pinpoint the specific start of an important literary movement. Explain the main problem you wish to explore and tell why it's vital. It is an impossible task to create a top-notch argumentative essay if one is not able to analyze information. When searching for American literature essay topics, it is crucial to remember that the originality and caliber of your paper will be contingent on the topic chosen. You are not going to find it difficult to pick a topic for British literature term paper. While writing your definition essay, you've got several choices to select from. Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. It's always simpler to choose one in case you have a list of proposal topics to browse. There are several topics to select from that it's tricky to understand where to commence.

Personality Components and Assessments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1311 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Analytics Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Personality Essay Did you like this example? COMPONENTS AND ASPECTS OF OUR PERSONALITY The Three  Components  of Personality Sigmund Freud is known for his study on the three basic  components  that greatly affect our personality. He created the three levels of awareness that are congruent to the three different parts of the mind: conscious mind, preconscious mind, and subconscious mind. According to him, our conscious mind includes our current or present mental processes contributing a major part in our current awareness. The next level of mental awareness is our preconscious mind which, according to Freud, comprises those that we are aware of, but we do not really give focus or pay attention. We can either decide to take notice of these things and purposefully let our conscious mind be aware of them. The third part of the human mind is the subconscious where some of our thoughts surpass the conscious level. From these levels of awareness by Freud, he then developed the three  components  of our personal ity: the id, ego, and super ego. These are the  results  of our thinking, feeling, and behaviors. The id functions primarily based on pleasure principle wherein our mind seeks to achieve pleasure and avoid any form of pain. Freud mentioned that the id consists of two major instincts and these are eros and thanatos. The former is otherwise known as the life instinct that urges us to seek for pleasurable activities while the latter is our death instinct that stimulates us to cause to destroy. The ego is the next component of our personality which is the heart of our consciousness. It is characterized by either of the dominant functions which are introversion or extraversion along with the other functions. It is based on the reality principle which  states that  our mind acknowledges what is real and currently existing. It also understands that there are corresponding consequences to our behaviors. The super ego is the last component of our personality in which our values and morals are contained. Our super ego can also offset or compensate the id. The Big Five Factors Our various personality traits are generally categorized into what is referred to as the Big Five Factors: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Extraversion pertains to being outgoing, sociable, full of energy, enthusiasm, and action-oriented. Introversion, on the other hand, refers to lack of liveliness and energy. Agreeableness manifests our differences in terms of cooperation and social harmony. Agreeable people like getting along with each other well while disagreeable individuals are more concerned with self-interest and personal well-being. Conscientiousness focuses on how we manage and control our impulses and desires. Conscientious people are intelligent, organized, and persistent. Neuroticism is evident in individuals who are emotionally reactive and may have gone through or are going through a particular strong negati ve feeling. Openness to experience is a trait that characterizes people who are creative, imaginative, curious, and intellectuals. COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY ACCDG TO SIGMUND FREUD Three components of personality Clinical psychologist Don Bannister has described Freuds position on the human personality as being: basically a battlefield. He is a dark-cellar in which a well-bred spinster lady (the superego) and a sex-crazed monkey (the id) are forever engaged in mortal combat, the struggle being refereed by a rather nervous bank clerk (the ego). Thus an individual’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are the result of the interaction of the id, the superego, and the ego. This creates conflict, which creates anxiety, which leads to Defense Mechanisms. Id The Id contains our primitive drives and operates largely according to the pleasure principle, whereby its two main goals are the seeking of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. It has no real perception of reality and seek s to satisfy its needs through what Freud called the primary processes that dominate the existence of infants, including hunger and self-protection. The energy for the Ids actions come from libido, which is the energy storehouse. The id has 2 major instincts: Eros: the life instinct that motivates people to focus on pleasure-seeking tendencies (e. . , sexual urges). Thanatos: the death instinct that motivates people to use aggressive urges to destroy. Ego Unlike the Id, the Ego is aware of reality and hence operates via the reality principle, whereby it recognizes what is real and understands that behaviors have consequences. This includes the effects of social rules that are necessary in order to live and socialize with other people. It uses secondary processes (perception, recognition, judgment and memory) that are developed during childhood. The dilemma of the Ego is that it has to somehow balance the demands of the Id and Super ego with the constraints of reality. The Ego con trols higher mental processes such as reasoning and problem-solving, which it uses to solve the Id-Super ego dilemma, creatively finding ways to safely satisfy the Ids basic urges within the constraints of the Super ego. Super ego The Super ego contains our values and social morals, which often come from the rules of right and wrong that we learned in childhood from our parents (this is Freud, remember) and are contained in the conscience. The Super ego has a model of an ego ideal and which it uses as a prototype against which to compare the ego (and towards which it encourages the ego to move). The Super ego is a counterbalance to the Id, and seeks to inhibit the Ids pleasure-seeking demands, particularly those for sex and aggression. ASSESSMENT/MEASUREMENT OF PERSONALITY Personality Assessments are Mainstream Personality assessments have been used by individuals and psychologists for years to help them understand how a person is likely to act, or react, and how that person can more effectively interact with others. The use of personality assessments in the workplace is on the rise. 1 Organizations’ use of personality assessments has increased from 34 percent in 2005 to 65 percent in 2006. These assessments can provide HR professionals with insight into an employee’s professional self. Based on our research, the most commonly used personality assessments (not in order of utilization) are: †¢ Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is based on Carl Jung’s typology of the functions of the human psyche. †¢ Insights Discovery System is a model based on the personality profiling work of Jung. Profiles XT Assessment is billed as a â€Å"total person assessment. † This assessment measures behavioral traits, occupational interests and thinking styles. †¢ The Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI) measures normal personality, predicts employee performance. It was developed specifically for the business community. †¢ The DiSC Assessment explores four domains: dominance, influence, steadiness and conscientiousness. †¢ 16PF (Pearson Assessments) have been commonly used for a variety of applications, including support for vocational guidance, hiring and promotion recommendations. The Birkman Method focuses on five domains: productive and stress behaviors, underlying needs, motivations and organizational orientation. Personality assessments are generally used to understand the connection between people’s personalities) and their performance. While personality assessments are intended to measure personality traits, personal styles and behavioral inclinations, not work performance, these assessments can be used to explore how a person may perform in the workplace in certain situations. The Birkman’s Five Perspectives Productive Behavior—an individual’s effective behavioral style of dealing with relationships and tasks †¢ Stress Behaviors—an individual’s inef fective style of dealing with relationships or tasks †¢ Underlying Needs—an individual’s expectations of how relationships and social situations should be governed in the context of the relationship or situation †¢ Motivations—an individual’s expressed preferences †¢ Organizational Orientation—a perspective in which an individual views problems and creates solutions relating to organizational goals. Despite best practices emerging in the use of personality assessments in the workplace, Birkman’s survey indicates that no standard assessment or manner of use has been established. Depending on which assessment is used, the most common functional applications of these assessments are: †¢ Team Building †¢ Career Guidance †¢ Conflict Resolution †¢ Executive Coaching †¢ Succession Planning †¢ Employee Retention †¢ Hiring and Selection †¢ Leadership Development †¢ Organizational Alignmen t †¢ Competency Development Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personality: Components and Assessments" essay for you Create order